Immigration History

Canada has regulated immigration since 1869, and laws have been shaped by the social, political, and economic climate, as well as race, desirability, and integration. Elements of discrimination have often been prominent in Canadian immigration policy. In 1967, immigration policy was liberalized with the introduction of the “points system..” The cultural diversity of Canadian immigrants to Canada is now a key component of Canadian identity. Immigration legislation reflects Canada’s changing beliefs and its history of inclusion and exclusion.

The War of 1812 saw approximately 2,000 escaped slaves arrive in Nova Scotia, where they experienced hardships and were marginalized from society. The Black Refugees struggled during an economic depression and difficult farming conditions, and endured inequitable treatment by, white Nova Scotians including the government. Colonial authorities attempted to resettle the Black Refugees, but most refused and established sustainable communities. Black Nova Scotian communities have continued their growth over time.